Who owns the largest sovereign wealth fund?
Norway has one of the largest SWFs in the world, with total assets reaching approximately US$0.5 trillion.
Those are just some of the candid tidbits the world's most important leaders divulge in their interviews with the Norwegian sovereign wealth fund's chief, Nicolai Tangen, on his podcast, In Good Company.
OSLO, Jan 30 (Reuters) - Norway's $1.6 trillion sovereign wealth fund, the world's largest, reported on Tuesday a record profit of 2.22 trillion crowns ($213 billion) in 2023, driven by strong returns on its investments in technology stocks.
Government Pension Fund Global—Norway
Even though its name has the word pension fund, Norway's sovereign wealth fund is the largest in the world and with over $1 trillion in assets it is growing fast.
A sovereign wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund comprised of money generated by the government, often derived from a country's surplus reserves. SWFs provide a benefit for a country's economy and its citizens. The funding for a SWF can come from a variety of sources.
While the U.S. as a whole does not have a sovereign wealth fund, several of its states do.
There are roughly 100 sovereign wealth funds worldwide and they include those launched even by cash-poor countries. Some run assets, such as state-owned airlines or telecoms, while others facilitate foreign investment at home. The top 10, dominated by oil wealth, control 90% of the assets.
SWFs grew rapidly between 2008 and 2021, with global assets under management by these funds increasing from approximately $4 trillion to more than $10 trillion. SWFs invest in a variety of asset classes such as stocks, bonds, real estate, private equity and hedge funds.
Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) have over $11.5 trillion in assets under management as of February 2023. Most of these 176 funds are sponsored by non-Western countries and their growth has made SWFs important international investors, particularly in private equity funding.
Sovereign wealth funds are not a recent invention – Kuwait created the first modern one in 1953. Nor are they un-American: the state governments of Alaska and Texas both have sovereign funds designed to manage the revenues that have arisen from their energy booms.
Does China have a sovereign wealth fund?
China is home to one of the world's largest sovereign funds, China Investment Corporation. CIC's total assets under management reached about $1.24 trillion at the end of 2022, bigger than Saudi Arabia's 2022 GDP (about $1.1 trillion). Saudi Arabia was the 17th largest economy in the world in 2022.
Most of the new capital flowing into SWFs comes from the countries' trade surpluses, though funds can also come from budget surpluses, returns on investments, land leasing fees, and other sources.
The richest person in the world is Bernard Arnault; he and his family have a net worth of $214.4 billion as of March 2023.
The richest 1% own almost half of the world's wealth, while the poorest half of the world own just 0.75%
Country | Gross financial wealth per adult (USD) |
---|---|
Switzerland * | 448,960 |
United States * | 422,404 |
Hong Kong | 387,963 |
Denmark * | 308,420 |
The USA is quite unique in the world. And in a very real way, it is not a Sovereign Entity, except in matters of Treaty and Defense. So, that's why. The Federal government hold no wealth beyond the Federal Reserve.
Rank | Profile | Type |
---|---|---|
1. | Norway Government Pension Fund Global | Sovereign Wealth Fund |
2. | China Investment Corporation | Sovereign Wealth Fund |
3. | SAFE Investment Company | Sovereign Wealth Fund |
4. | Abu Dhabi Investment Authority | Sovereign Wealth Fund |
SWFs generally enjoy favorable tax treatment in the U.S., but this treatment is subject to specific limitations; SWFs typically require separate LPA provisions or side-letter protection to ensure that their favorable tax treatment is not thwarted by the activities of the funds in which they invest. US Tax Exemption.
The Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA) is the oldest sovereign wealth fund in the world. KIA traces its roots to the Kuwait Investment Board, which was established in 1953, eight years before Kuwait's independence.
As one of the first sovereign wealth funds, and the largest state-level fund of its kind in the United States, the Alaska Permanent Fund (Fund) has gained world-wide recognition as a model for converting a non-renewable natural resource into a renewable financial resource.
Does Texas have a sovereign wealth fund?
The Texas Permanent School Fund is a sovereign wealth fund which serves to provide revenues for funding of public primary and secondary education in the US state of Texas.
Despite the advantages, SWFs are not without their drawbacks. One concern is the potential for mismanagement and corruption. Poor governance and lack of transparency can lead to funds being misappropriated or invested in risky ventures, resulting in significant financial losses.
Britain did not opt for such a scheme when its North Sea oil boom began in the 1970s. Instead, successive governments used the proceeds from oil and gas fields to keep public borrowing down rather than to build a fighting fund to tackle long-term problems such as our ageing population.
Rank | Profile | Managed AUM |
---|---|---|
1. | BlackRock | $9,425,212,000,000 |
2. | Vanguard | $7,250,000,000,000 |
3. | Fidelity Management & Research | $3,880,000,000,000 |
4. | The Capital Group Cos. Inc. | $2,500,000,000,000 |
Because of their dual mission to generate financial as well as social returns, their redemption risk is most probably higher than that of other long-term investors, such as endowment funds.
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